The World Bank is seeking to vastly expand its lending capacity to address climate change and other global crises and will negotiate with shareholders ahead of April meetings on proposals that include a capital increase and new lending tools, according to an “evolution road map” seen by Reuters on Monday.
The road map document — sent to shareholder governments — marks the start of a negotiation process to alter the bank’s mission and financial resources and shift it away from a country- and project-specific lending model used since its creation at the end of World War 2.
The World Bank management aims to have specific proposals to change its mission, operating model and financial capacity ready for approval by the joint World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) Development Committee in October, according to the document.
A World Bank spokesperson said that the document aimed to provide details on the scope, approach and timetable for the evolution, with regular updates for shareholders and decisions later in the year.
The reform of multilateral development banks was a topic of fierce debate in recent months after developing countries faced mounting pressure from inflation, and energy and food shortages fuelled by Russia’s war in Ukraine, slowing growth, mounting debt burdens and growing vulnerability to climate shocks.
The pressures laid bare the inadequacy of the World Bank and IMF’s structures — designed at the end of World War 2 to focus on rebuilding peacetime economies — to deal with current global calamities.
AAA rating to stay
The development lender will explore options like a potential new capital increase, changes to its capital structure to unlock more lending and new financing tools such as guarantees for private sector loans and other ways to mobilise more private capital, according to the document.
But the World Bank Group (WBG) is not ready to bow to demands from some non-profit organisations (NPOs) to abandon its long-standing top-tier credit rating to boost lending, stating: “Management will explore all options that increase the capacity of the WBG while maintaining the AAA rating of the WBG entities.”
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US treasury secretary Janet Yellen has called for the World Bank and others to revamp their business models to boost lending and harness private capital to fund investments that more broadly benefit the world, such as helping middle-income countries transition away from coal power.
A US treasury spokesperson declined comment on the World Bank document.
A spokesperson for Britain’s foreign office said the UK “strongly supports” the World Bank proposals to explore all options to further increase support to developing and emerging economies.
US treasury secretary Janet Yellen has called for the World Bank and others to revamp their business models to boost lending and harness private capital to fund investments that more broadly benefit the world.
The bank said proposals under consideration include higher statutory lending limits, lower equity-to-loan requirements and the use of callable capital — money pledged, but not paid in by member governments — for lending.
Development experts say this shift would greatly increase the amount of lending compared to the current capital structure, which only uses paid-in capital.
“The challenges the world is facing call for a massive step up in the international community’s support,” the bank said in the document. “For the WBG to continue to play a central role in development and climate finance, it will need a concerted effort by both shareholders and management to step up WBG financing capacity.”
Inadequate funding
The road map document cautions that a build-up of lending for climate change, healthcare, food security and other needs may require a capital increase to boost the capacity of the World Bank’s middle-income lending arm, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
IBRD’s $13bn capital increase in 2018 “was designed to be prepared for one mid-sized crisis a decade, and not multiple, overlapping crises” including the Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the effects of accelerating climate change, the document said. IBRD’s crisis buffers will likely be depleted by mid-2023, it said.
Another option, according to the road map, is for World Bank shareholder countries to step up periodic contributions to the lender’s fund for the world’s poorest countries, the International Development Association (IDA), which have declined in recent years despite increasing needs.
The road map also offers the option of creating a new concessional lending trust fund for middle-income countries that would focus on global public goods and be similar in structure to the IDA, with regular funding replenishments that would be separate from the bank’s capital structure.
“Such a fund may attract donor bilateral resources separate from shareholder budget lines supporting the WBG, and potentially include donors beyond shareholders,” such as private foundations, the bank said.
But environmental campaign group Friends of the Earth said the proposal did not go far enough and World Bank shareholders needed to ensure the lender was not “part of the problem”.
“A true evolutionary road map must commit to ending financing for fossil fuels, industrial animal agriculture, petrochemical infrastructure, corporate-friendly false solutions and harmful activities in biodiverse areas,” Luisa Abbott Galvao, senior international policy campaigner for Friends of the Earth, said in an emailed statement.
The World Bank also said that the evolution of its mission to increase climate lending while maintaining good development outcomes will require additional staff and budget resources, which have declined 3% in real terms over the past 15 years.
